Fall Wheat production problem Quiz

The wheat quiz is a fun way to sharpen your diagnostic skills. It contains a series of straight forward problems that we commonly find in Kansas during the fall of the year. Why not take a few minutes and see if you can determine the likely cause for each. This is a follow up to the Springtime Wheat Problems Quiz (http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/dp_entm/extension/quiz1.htm) prepared by the KSU Wheat Production Team.

Prepared by Kansas State University Research & Extension Specialists: H. Leroy Brooks, Jim Shroyer, Robert Bowden, Dallas Peterson and Entomology Research Assistant Nahid Dadgar.

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No. 1 - Among other things, poor stand establishment can result from planting poor quality seed like this. What can be some reasons for this? a) Freeze damage b) Heat or drought damage c) Glume blotch d) Barley yellow dwarf virus e) All of the above Answer #1	Click on the picture to view full size

No. 2 - This seed sample has kernels with darkened ends, these are considered damaged kernels. What is the problem? a) Smaller wheat seed maggot b) Black point/black tip fungus c) Excessive rain d) Drought stress Answer #2	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 3 - This volunteer wheat looks a little yellow from a distance . Upon closer examination, you find an intricate pattern of yellow and green spots and streaks on the leaves. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms? a) Russian wheat aphid b) Soilborne mosaic virus c) Wheat streak mosaic virus Answer #3	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 4 - The wheat planted in this field following sorghum is generally good; however, in some areas along the field margin, we first notice some leaves starting to turn yellow and die back from the tips. Gradually most of the affected plants die. We have noticed the same reaction in fields adjacent to limestone roads, or in areas of fields where the pH is higher. The symptoms here would be consistent with: a) Soil compaction b) Drowning c) Atrazine carryover d) Dual carryover Answer #4	Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size
No. 5 - We also see a problem here in an area close to the edge of the field. Plant growth along this field margin is generally stunted and some plants are dying. Up close whitish streaks are noticeable on the upper leaf surface. Generally there is more damage towards the tip of the leaf as compared to the base of the leaf. As we get 50 to 100 feet out into the field, the damage begins to disappear. The signs here are typical here of: a) Thrips damage b) Sencor carryover c) Flea beetles d) All of the above Answer #5	Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size
No. 6 - Here is another field with injury appearing along a field margin. The chewing injury on these leaves would cause you to suspect: a) Banks grass mite injury b) Grasshopper injury c) Army cutworm injury d) All of the above Answer #6	Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size
No. 7 - Wheat in this field was planted in early September for pasture. The plants emerged and the field initially looked good, but now, about three weeks after emergence, the wheat appears to be disappearing. Up close you see that worms are devouring the foliage. When full grown, larvae are about 1 1/2" in length with variously colored longitudinal stripes. Is this: a) The lesser cornstalk borer b) Fall armyworm c) True armyworm d) Wheat head armyworm Answer #7	Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size
No. 8 - In late October, this field in central Kansas begins to develop an off-color appearance . Upon inspection, you notice a fine silverish cast to the leaves. Early in the morning and late afternoon, you see an abundance of these mites both on the plants as well as on the ground beneath. This damage is caused by: a) Banks grass mite b) Winter grain mite c) Wheat curl mite d) Brown wheat mite Answer #8	Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size
No. 9 - Weeds are always high on a producer’s list of worries. Let’s brush up on some of the winter annuals. This one emerges in the fall with two round-shaped cotyledons (seed leaves). The true leaves are scallop-shaped and the stems, like the other members of this family, are all square-shaped. This is: a) Field pennycress b) Henbit c) Flixweed d) Kochia Answer #9	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 10 - This winter annual weed has small linear cotyledons and develops a rosette of finely lobed leaves. This is: a) Field pennycress b) Henbit c) Flixweed d) Kochia Answer #10	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 11 - This winter annual weed has round cotyledons and develops a rosette of club-shaped, waxy leaves . This is: a) Field pennycress b) Henbit c) Flixweed d) Kochia Answer #11	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 12 - As we examine the planted seed we find that the germination process is well underway with seminal root development and coleoptile lengthening; but, the coleoptile has stopped elongating so that the seedling has not emerged. What is the most likely cause of this problem? a) Poor seedling vigor b) Herbicide injury c) Dry soil surface d) Wireworms Answer #12	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 13 - These seedlings did not emerge but their coleoptiles were fully extended and the leaves emerged under the soil surface. What is the most likely cause of the problem? a) Poor seed quality b) Seed planted too deeply c) Wireworms d) Crusted soil surface Answer #13	Click on the picture to view full size
No 14 - We are called to another field where the grower is worried about poor emergence. The seedlings are bent and crinkled but did not emerge. What is the most likely cause of the problem? a) Damping off b) Fall armyworm damage c) Fertilizer too close to the seed d) Crusted soil surface Answer #14	Click on the picture to view full size Click on the picture to view full size
No. 15 - Plants are established and some tillering has occurred, but plants are not growing vigorously and we are noticing some purpling of the leaves. There is no crown root development. Crown roots are very important to the plant if it is to survive the winter. What is the most likely cause of this problem? a) Herbicide injury b) Dry soil c) Wireworms d) Hessian fly Answer #15	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 16 - Look at the alternating areas of light and dark green colors on these seedlings. This is: a) Normal grown pattern for wheat seedlings b) Color banding, a condition triggered by warm days & cool nights c) Freeze damage d) Result of atrazine carryover in coarse textured soils Answer #16	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 17 - This foliar disease can build up in the fall on susceptible seedlings . If the winter is mild it can overwinter and cause a problem next spring. Otherwise, it migrates up from Texas in the spring. What is the name of this disease? a) Leaf rust b) Septoria leaf blotch c) Powdery mildew d) Wheat streak mosaic Answer #17	Click on the picture to view full size
No 18 - These seedlings have dark lesions on the coleoptiles. The name of this disease is: a) False wireworm damage b) Seedling blight c) Greenbug systemic toxic reaction d) Herbicide carry-over Answer #18	Click on the picture to view full size
No. 19 -The small black fruiting bodies in the center of this lesion provide a clue to the identification of this disease. It is: a) Speckled leaf blotch b) Tan spot c) Bacterial spot Answer #19	Click on the picture to view full size