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Problem: Squash Vine Borer - Melittia satyriniformis
Hosts: Primarily squash and gourds but cucumbers and melons also possible hosts.
Description: Squash vine borers are the larvae of a clearwinged moth whose size, shape and flying habit are somewhat akin to wasps for which they are often mistaken. Squash vine borers overwinter as larvae or pupae in cocoons buried in the soil. in Kansas, adult moths emerge in the late spring (probably about mid-June) at a time coinciding with the establishment of pumpkins. Eggs are deposited singly on the underside of the vines and are often concentrated at the base of the plants. Larvae bore into the stems where they tunnel and feed. Matured larvae exit stems and then burrow into the soil, where most prepare their overwintering cocoons (there may be a partial second generation in Kansas depending upon current year conditions).
Due to extensive disruption of conducting tissues, plants often wilt and die. The presence of holes in plant stems, and an accompanying ooze, signal the presence of squash vine borers. Large white worms with brown heads can be seen if stems are cut open. Squash vine borer populations vary from location to location, thus being of a major concern in some areas but inconsequential in others. Insecticidal controls must be implemented before larvae bore into plants.
Recommendations: Preventive treatments are best. Start to
apply insecticides when the vines begin to run. Chemicals used for borer control in
gardens are methoxychlor, rotenone, pyrethrum, malathion, or carbaryl (Sevin), applied as
sprays or dusts. Continue on a 7 to 10 day reapplication schedule for 3 to 5 weeks.
If plants wilt, look for the presence of holes and ooze. If found, the stem can be slit
and the borer removed and destroyed. If the plant is not dead, cover the damaged area with
soil and keep the plant moist.
References:
1. Pumpkins, K-State Research and Extension Publication, MF-2030, pg 9
2. Ortho Problem Solver, Ortho Information Services, pg 718
3. Squash Vine Borer, Ohio State University Extension Factsheet, HYG-43210-1090
Last Update: 03/28/2003
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